Unprotected sexual intercourse is the main route of HIV transmission. An HIV-positive person could pass the virus on to someone else if they have vaginal or anal sex without a condom, or oral sex without the use of a barrier (such as a condom or dental dam).
Some sexual activities appear to carry a higher risk of infection than others. For example, unprotected anal intercourse poses a greater risk of transmission than any other sexual activity. The tissue inside the anus is much softer than vaginal tissue and is also less elastic and less well lubricated. Therefore, this tissue is more prone to tearing: this increases the risk of bleeding and therefore provides more opportunity for viral transmission.
Using a condom is the most effective way to reduce the risk of infection through sexual intercourse. However, condoms are not 100% effective and may slip off or tear during use. Correct usage, including using a water-based lubricant, is very important to maximise the protection they can offer.
HIV is present in blood and semen, which means that oral sex is a possible transmission route. There may be an increased risk if there is ejaculation, bleeding gums or sores anywhere in the mouth or around the lips (or the genitals), or inflammation caused by common throat infections or sexually transmitted infections
If you use a condom during oral sex, then you need to be aware that lipstick and lip salves are often oil-based. If this is the case, they can damage the condoms.
Sharing sex toys also carries a risk of HIV transmission. If more than one person is going to use a vibrator or dildo, it is essential that you clean it thoroughly between uses and consider covering it with a fresh condom before each use.
is the most effective way to reduce the risk of infection through sexual intercourse. However, condoms are not 100% effective and may slip off or tear during use. Correct usage, including using a water-based lubricant, is very important to maximise the protection they can offer.